By Thomas D. Reid, JD, The Burton Law Firm
While many individuals have created an estate plan to protect their family and assets, it is advisable to review an estate plan periodically to ensure one’s needs and wishes will be met upon one’s passing.
Although an estate plan is designed to take care of one’s wishes, certain provisions of the plan may need updating or review to ensure the plan’s effectiveness. Whether one’s appointed representatives have passed away, a change in family relationship, such as a divorce, has occurred, or the birth of a child or grandchild takes place, it is crucial that these provisions are reviewed periodically to ensure the updates in a person’s life are reflected in their estate plan.
There is no set time during which an estate plan review should be conducted. However, it is advisable to review one’s plan when a major change occurs in one’s life, or alternatively, every three years. Failure to review an estate plan regularly can result in, among other things, an agent serving the estate that has fallen out of favor with the Settlor, distributions of the estate against the Settlor’s intent and wishes, contingent guardianship of a newborn not being established, or assets left outside of the trust requiring the courts to probate the estate to change title to the assets.
Our firm is dedicated to ensuring that our clients’ estate planning needs and wishes are met at all times. As such, we ask that if you or anyone you know would like to review your estate plan, give us a call to set up an appointment to meet with our attorneys to ensure you and your family are protected.
For a more in-depth review of this subject, please see: www.lawburton.com news/resources.
The Burton Law Firm
555 University Avenue, Suite #275
Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: (916) 570-2740 Fax: (916) 570-2744
www.lawburton.com
info@lawburton.com
Showing posts with label title. Show all posts
Showing posts with label title. Show all posts
Monday, September 6, 2010
Sunday, May 18, 2008
Tenancies in Common for Today’s Real Estate Investor
By The Burton Law Firm
This article is for informational purposes only. Nothing in this article should be understood as legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is created by it or the information it contains. Consult with a licensed attorney if you require assistance in a legal matter. This article is protected by United States copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast without the prior written permission of The Burton Law Firm. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of the content.
The tenancy in common (TIC) can be a very useful form of co-ownership. Tenancies in common are the “default” form of joint property ownership in California, so if the title documents do not specify a different form of joint ownership, it is generally presumed that a tenancy in common exists. However, a person who owns land outright may create a TIC in order to pass the property to another person for estate planning purposes.
Features of Tenancies in Common
A tenancy in common is one way of taking title to real property. In a TIC, multiple owners each hold title to an undivided interest in the whole property. Each owner has a right to use and enjoy the entire property. So if one owner holds 1% of the entire title, that owner may utilize the entire property for his business. However, that owner may not destroy or ruin the value of the land or its utility for other co-owners. If he or she does so, that owner may be liable to the other co-owners. Tenants in common do not have a right of survivorship with one another. Thus, if one co-tenant dies, the deceased co-tenant’s interest passes by testamentary instrument or operation of law to the co-tenant’s beneficiaries or heirs. The other co-tenants do not automatically acquire the interest, as would occur in a joint tenancy with right of survivorship.
TICs in Estate Planning
TICs can be used as an estate planning device. In this context, TICs let a donor transfer a low-value interest in high-value property to another person during the donor’s lifetime. With careful planning, this can reduce the donor’s taxable estate at death while minimizing gift tax consequences during life.
The TIC works in the following manner. The donor already owns a piece of property and wants to pass it on, usually to a family member. The donor would give a tenancy in common interest to a new owner (the donee). A tenancy in common interest is not as valuable as a fee simple interest in the entire property due to the reduced marketability of the interest, the limited freedom of use of the property, and potential limitations on transferring the interest to a third party. By creating a tenancy in common interest valued under the annual gift tax exclusion amount, the donor may transfer the TIC interest without incurring gift taxes. And since the value of the gift is lower than the value of the piece of property actually transferred, the donor is removing a large portion. Therefore, the donor transfers a low-value interest in a high-value property.
For a rough example, assume that D wants to transfer a TIC interest in real property to D’s grandchildren. The property is worth $250,000. D creates ten TIC interests, one for each grandchild, and ensures that each interest has a discounted value equal to the annual gift tax exclusion amount ($12,000 in 2007). D gives all ten interests to the grandchildren, which totals $120,000 in gifts. But due to the devaluation of TIC interests, the ten TIC interests actually dispose of a much higher value of property, perhaps around $180,000. Therefore, D has reduced his taxable estate by $180,000 while only making $120,000 in gifts and not incurring any gift tax. Using the TIC has allowed the donor to pass on property which has been assigned a greatly discounted value.
There are some disadvantages to using a TIC, however. First, the donor gives up control over the portion of the property transferred as a TIC interest. If the donor desires the interest back, he or she must purchase it from the donee. Second, once the donee receives his or her interest, the donee is free to treat the property as the donee sees fit. The donee could use the property for a purpose not intended or even contemplated by the donor. Third, the donee is free to transfer the TIC interest to a third party. This could prove a rude surprise for the donor, who no longer is dealing with a trusted donee, and instead must now deal with a complete stranger. Fourth, the donee could sue for partition of the property and a court could order that the property be either physically separated, with each co-tenant receiving his or her share and dissolving the tenancy, or that the property be sold and the proceeds divided according to the respective interests of the co-tenants. Finally, the donor may recognize taxable gain on the value of the property transferred to the donee, and thus gift taxes may be owed. However, by utilizing the annual gift tax exclusion amount, this need not be of great concern to the donor.
Conclusion
You should speak with an attorney before creating a tenancy in common to serve your tax or estate planning legal needs. Although a TIC might be right for your situation, other legal options will often provide greater flexibility for you and your family while still meeting your planning objectives.
For a more in depth review of this subject, please see: www.lawburton.com, news/resources.
The Burton Law Firm
555 University Avenue, Suite #275
Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: (916) 570-2740 Fax: (916) 570-2744
www.lawburton.com
info@lawburton.com
This article is for informational purposes only. Nothing in this article should be understood as legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is created by it or the information it contains. Consult with a licensed attorney if you require assistance in a legal matter. This article is protected by United States copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast without the prior written permission of The Burton Law Firm. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of the content.
The tenancy in common (TIC) can be a very useful form of co-ownership. Tenancies in common are the “default” form of joint property ownership in California, so if the title documents do not specify a different form of joint ownership, it is generally presumed that a tenancy in common exists. However, a person who owns land outright may create a TIC in order to pass the property to another person for estate planning purposes.
Features of Tenancies in Common
A tenancy in common is one way of taking title to real property. In a TIC, multiple owners each hold title to an undivided interest in the whole property. Each owner has a right to use and enjoy the entire property. So if one owner holds 1% of the entire title, that owner may utilize the entire property for his business. However, that owner may not destroy or ruin the value of the land or its utility for other co-owners. If he or she does so, that owner may be liable to the other co-owners. Tenants in common do not have a right of survivorship with one another. Thus, if one co-tenant dies, the deceased co-tenant’s interest passes by testamentary instrument or operation of law to the co-tenant’s beneficiaries or heirs. The other co-tenants do not automatically acquire the interest, as would occur in a joint tenancy with right of survivorship.
TICs in Estate Planning
TICs can be used as an estate planning device. In this context, TICs let a donor transfer a low-value interest in high-value property to another person during the donor’s lifetime. With careful planning, this can reduce the donor’s taxable estate at death while minimizing gift tax consequences during life.
The TIC works in the following manner. The donor already owns a piece of property and wants to pass it on, usually to a family member. The donor would give a tenancy in common interest to a new owner (the donee). A tenancy in common interest is not as valuable as a fee simple interest in the entire property due to the reduced marketability of the interest, the limited freedom of use of the property, and potential limitations on transferring the interest to a third party. By creating a tenancy in common interest valued under the annual gift tax exclusion amount, the donor may transfer the TIC interest without incurring gift taxes. And since the value of the gift is lower than the value of the piece of property actually transferred, the donor is removing a large portion. Therefore, the donor transfers a low-value interest in a high-value property.
For a rough example, assume that D wants to transfer a TIC interest in real property to D’s grandchildren. The property is worth $250,000. D creates ten TIC interests, one for each grandchild, and ensures that each interest has a discounted value equal to the annual gift tax exclusion amount ($12,000 in 2007). D gives all ten interests to the grandchildren, which totals $120,000 in gifts. But due to the devaluation of TIC interests, the ten TIC interests actually dispose of a much higher value of property, perhaps around $180,000. Therefore, D has reduced his taxable estate by $180,000 while only making $120,000 in gifts and not incurring any gift tax. Using the TIC has allowed the donor to pass on property which has been assigned a greatly discounted value.
There are some disadvantages to using a TIC, however. First, the donor gives up control over the portion of the property transferred as a TIC interest. If the donor desires the interest back, he or she must purchase it from the donee. Second, once the donee receives his or her interest, the donee is free to treat the property as the donee sees fit. The donee could use the property for a purpose not intended or even contemplated by the donor. Third, the donee is free to transfer the TIC interest to a third party. This could prove a rude surprise for the donor, who no longer is dealing with a trusted donee, and instead must now deal with a complete stranger. Fourth, the donee could sue for partition of the property and a court could order that the property be either physically separated, with each co-tenant receiving his or her share and dissolving the tenancy, or that the property be sold and the proceeds divided according to the respective interests of the co-tenants. Finally, the donor may recognize taxable gain on the value of the property transferred to the donee, and thus gift taxes may be owed. However, by utilizing the annual gift tax exclusion amount, this need not be of great concern to the donor.
Conclusion
You should speak with an attorney before creating a tenancy in common to serve your tax or estate planning legal needs. Although a TIC might be right for your situation, other legal options will often provide greater flexibility for you and your family while still meeting your planning objectives.
For a more in depth review of this subject, please see: www.lawburton.com, news/resources.
The Burton Law Firm
555 University Avenue, Suite #275
Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: (916) 570-2740 Fax: (916) 570-2744
www.lawburton.com
info@lawburton.com
Tuesday, August 14, 2007
Holding Title as Community Property With Right of Survivorship
This article is for informational purposes only. Nothing in this article should be understood as legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is created by it or the information it contains. Consult with a licensed attorney if you require assistance in a legal matter. This article is protected by United States copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast without the prior written permission of The Burton Law Firm. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of the content.
Ownership of real property can take a great number of forms. The difficulty is deciding which form of title is right for you, your family, and your business. The facts of your situation will determine how title to property should be held, and properly selecting title form may involve transferring or re-titling property you already own. This article will provide an overview of a new form of title that many people are not yet familiar with: community property with right of survivorship (CPWROS).
Prior to 2001, married couples had to perform a bit of strategic planning when taking title to property. But the California legislature wanted to make it easier for California married couples to take advantage of federal tax benefits. On July 1, 2001, a new form of title was created: community property with right of survivorship. This form of title utilizes the right of survivorship feature while allowing a step-up in basis for community property.
Right of Survivorship
The right of survivorship feature allows the deceased spouse’s property ownership to immediately pass to the surviving spouse upon the first spouse’s death. Generally, no court administration is needed, thus avoiding the time and cost of the probate process.
Step-Up in Basis for Community Property of Both Spouses
A step-up in the basis of property provides an important tax benefit. When you acquire and maintain real property, you invest a certain amount of money in the form of purchase price and improvements. This investment becomes your basis in the property. When you sell or dispose of the property, you recognize a capital gain equal to the current fair market value of the property (i.e., what you sold it for) minus your basis. So if the property has appreciated in value over time, you want your basis to be as close as possible to the fair market value so that you can reduce gain. Reducing gain reduces the taxes that must be paid. A step-up in basis allows you to increase your basis in the property without recognizing any gains, which is a good thing. In a way, stepped-up basis is like the government handing a free investment.
CPWROS provides a large step-up in basis for property owned by a married couple in California. In a joint tenancy, the federal taxation system only allows a step-up in basis for the deceased spouse’s joint tenancy interest. Thus, the surviving spouse receives a stepped-up basis in the property equal to the fair market value of the deceased spouse’s joint tenancy interest.
But with CPWROS, when the first spouse dies and leaves property to the surviving spouse, the surviving spouse receives a step-up in basis both for the deceased spouse’s one-half interest in the community property and for the surviving spouse’s interest in community property. So the surviving spouse acquires a stepped-up basis in all of the community property, not just the deceased spouse’s share.
Conclusion
The goals, finances, and assets of your marriage and your business will all play a role in determining how you should hold title to real property. It is important to note that a properly drafted revocable living trust will provide these and other benefits as well. You should consult with an attorney to help determine whether holding property as community property with right of survivorship is right for your situation.
By The Burton Law Firm
For a more in depth review of this subject, please see: www.lawburton.com, news/resources.
The Burton Law Firm
555 University Avenue, Suite #275
Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: (916) 570-2740 Fax: (916) 570-2744
www.lawburton.com
info@lawburton.com
For more information regarding RNB Property Management, Inc. please call
916-435-2424 or visit us online at www.RNB2day.com or
Property Management Rocklin
Ownership of real property can take a great number of forms. The difficulty is deciding which form of title is right for you, your family, and your business. The facts of your situation will determine how title to property should be held, and properly selecting title form may involve transferring or re-titling property you already own. This article will provide an overview of a new form of title that many people are not yet familiar with: community property with right of survivorship (CPWROS).
Prior to 2001, married couples had to perform a bit of strategic planning when taking title to property. But the California legislature wanted to make it easier for California married couples to take advantage of federal tax benefits. On July 1, 2001, a new form of title was created: community property with right of survivorship. This form of title utilizes the right of survivorship feature while allowing a step-up in basis for community property.
Right of Survivorship
The right of survivorship feature allows the deceased spouse’s property ownership to immediately pass to the surviving spouse upon the first spouse’s death. Generally, no court administration is needed, thus avoiding the time and cost of the probate process.
Step-Up in Basis for Community Property of Both Spouses
A step-up in the basis of property provides an important tax benefit. When you acquire and maintain real property, you invest a certain amount of money in the form of purchase price and improvements. This investment becomes your basis in the property. When you sell or dispose of the property, you recognize a capital gain equal to the current fair market value of the property (i.e., what you sold it for) minus your basis. So if the property has appreciated in value over time, you want your basis to be as close as possible to the fair market value so that you can reduce gain. Reducing gain reduces the taxes that must be paid. A step-up in basis allows you to increase your basis in the property without recognizing any gains, which is a good thing. In a way, stepped-up basis is like the government handing a free investment.
CPWROS provides a large step-up in basis for property owned by a married couple in California. In a joint tenancy, the federal taxation system only allows a step-up in basis for the deceased spouse’s joint tenancy interest. Thus, the surviving spouse receives a stepped-up basis in the property equal to the fair market value of the deceased spouse’s joint tenancy interest.
But with CPWROS, when the first spouse dies and leaves property to the surviving spouse, the surviving spouse receives a step-up in basis both for the deceased spouse’s one-half interest in the community property and for the surviving spouse’s interest in community property. So the surviving spouse acquires a stepped-up basis in all of the community property, not just the deceased spouse’s share.
Conclusion
The goals, finances, and assets of your marriage and your business will all play a role in determining how you should hold title to real property. It is important to note that a properly drafted revocable living trust will provide these and other benefits as well. You should consult with an attorney to help determine whether holding property as community property with right of survivorship is right for your situation.
By The Burton Law Firm
For a more in depth review of this subject, please see: www.lawburton.com, news/resources.
The Burton Law Firm
555 University Avenue, Suite #275
Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: (916) 570-2740 Fax: (916) 570-2744
www.lawburton.com
info@lawburton.com
For more information regarding RNB Property Management, Inc. please call
916-435-2424 or visit us online at www.RNB2day.com or
Property Management Rocklin
Friday, July 13, 2007
LLCs for Real Estate Investors
This article is for informational purposes only. Nothing in this article should be understood as legal advice, and no attorney-client relationship is created by it or the information it contains. Consult with a licensed attorney if you require assistance in a legal matter.
Whether starting a new business or reorganizing an existing business, one of the most important decisions an entrepreneur will make regards the form the business will take. Given the wide variety of business forms, such as corporations and sole proprietorships, it can be difficult to choose between them. The limited liability company, commonly known as an LLC, has become a popular option.
Advantages
One of the first and most important advantages of the LLC form is the limited liability it provides to members. Members subject to a lawsuit may have their interest in the LLC attached, but the assets of the LLC will generally remain outside a creditor’s reach. And if the LLC is the defendant in a suit, barring special circumstances, the members are not personally liable for the LLC debts. Second, LLC operating agreements often contain limitations on transferring member interests. These usually cause member interests to be less valuable to a creditor, thus making the LLC useful as an asset management technique. Third, the LLC works well as a real property management tool because it allows for continuity in property ownership and can limit liability of members as discussed above. Because the LLC owns the real property and is the landlord in any lease agreement, long-term leases can continue uninterrupted even if the LLC membership changes. Finally, an LLC can play a role in a comprehensive estate plan. Often, a member has substantial property but does not wish the property to be broken up at the member’s death. The member may transfer the property to the LLC and then gift fractionalized shares of his or her membership interest to relatives. The property remains intact, while the benefit of the property has been passed on to the next generation. This technique commonly affords estate and gift tax benefits as well.
Disadvantages
As with any business form, there are disadvantages to the LLC. First, an LLC generally requires more effort and expense to create than a sole proprietorship or partnership. The LLC must be specifically created as an LLC and annual fees are required by California. Second, while not as rigid as a corporation, the recordkeeping requirements of an LLC are still substantial. Similar to a corporate charter, the LLC operating agreement should be written out and strictly followed; business records and minutes of meetings should be kept in accordance with the operating agreement. The tracking of “Capital/Member Accounts” can prove difficult, as these accounts reflect the value of the each member’s ownership interest and include the liabilities of the LLC, capital contributions of members, and income distributions by the LLC. Third, while holding property in an LLC might limit its value to creditors, it might also limit the ability of a member to readily sell his or her interest to a willing buyer. Finally, LLCs carry with them a number of inherent tax consequences which might limit their desirability to investors, especially those depreciating assets against other income.
Conclusion
Using an LLC may help a business and its owners protect themselves from liability and improve the stability of the company. But the LLC has its drawbacks, as well. You should consult with a qualified attorney to help determine if the LLC is the right answer for your business interests.
By The Burton Law Firm
This article was significantly shortened for printing considerations. For the full article, entitled “LLCs for Real Estate Investors,” please refer to www.lawburton.com under “News/Resources.”
For more information regarding RNB Property Management, Inc. please call
916-435-2424 or visit us online at www.RNB2day.com or
Property Management Rocklin
Whether starting a new business or reorganizing an existing business, one of the most important decisions an entrepreneur will make regards the form the business will take. Given the wide variety of business forms, such as corporations and sole proprietorships, it can be difficult to choose between them. The limited liability company, commonly known as an LLC, has become a popular option.
Advantages
One of the first and most important advantages of the LLC form is the limited liability it provides to members. Members subject to a lawsuit may have their interest in the LLC attached, but the assets of the LLC will generally remain outside a creditor’s reach. And if the LLC is the defendant in a suit, barring special circumstances, the members are not personally liable for the LLC debts. Second, LLC operating agreements often contain limitations on transferring member interests. These usually cause member interests to be less valuable to a creditor, thus making the LLC useful as an asset management technique. Third, the LLC works well as a real property management tool because it allows for continuity in property ownership and can limit liability of members as discussed above. Because the LLC owns the real property and is the landlord in any lease agreement, long-term leases can continue uninterrupted even if the LLC membership changes. Finally, an LLC can play a role in a comprehensive estate plan. Often, a member has substantial property but does not wish the property to be broken up at the member’s death. The member may transfer the property to the LLC and then gift fractionalized shares of his or her membership interest to relatives. The property remains intact, while the benefit of the property has been passed on to the next generation. This technique commonly affords estate and gift tax benefits as well.
Disadvantages
As with any business form, there are disadvantages to the LLC. First, an LLC generally requires more effort and expense to create than a sole proprietorship or partnership. The LLC must be specifically created as an LLC and annual fees are required by California. Second, while not as rigid as a corporation, the recordkeeping requirements of an LLC are still substantial. Similar to a corporate charter, the LLC operating agreement should be written out and strictly followed; business records and minutes of meetings should be kept in accordance with the operating agreement. The tracking of “Capital/Member Accounts” can prove difficult, as these accounts reflect the value of the each member’s ownership interest and include the liabilities of the LLC, capital contributions of members, and income distributions by the LLC. Third, while holding property in an LLC might limit its value to creditors, it might also limit the ability of a member to readily sell his or her interest to a willing buyer. Finally, LLCs carry with them a number of inherent tax consequences which might limit their desirability to investors, especially those depreciating assets against other income.
Conclusion
Using an LLC may help a business and its owners protect themselves from liability and improve the stability of the company. But the LLC has its drawbacks, as well. You should consult with a qualified attorney to help determine if the LLC is the right answer for your business interests.
By The Burton Law Firm
This article was significantly shortened for printing considerations. For the full article, entitled “LLCs for Real Estate Investors,” please refer to www.lawburton.com under “News/Resources.”
For more information regarding RNB Property Management, Inc. please call
916-435-2424 or visit us online at www.RNB2day.com or
Property Management Rocklin
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